ILSC 2007 Paper #204 (A Proposal How to Deal with Low Power Laser in the New European Directive on Artificial Optical Radiation)
A Proposal How to Deal with Low Power Laser in the New European Directive on Artificial Optical Radiation
Authors:
Hans-Dieter Reidenbach, Cologne University of Applied Sciences; Koeln Germany
Joachim Hofmann, Research Laboratory Medical Technology; Koeln Germany
Klaus Dollinger, Cologne University of Applied Sciences; Koeln Germany
Presented at ILSC 2007
Laser safety philosophy for low power laser is based on aversion responses including the blink reflex since many years and former the description of laser class 2 and 2M in the international laser product standard IEC 60825-1 implied this approach for the case of short intrabeam viewing. By contrast we have found in a...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #203 (Repetitive Pulses and Laser-induced Retinal Injury Thresholds)
Repetitive Pulses and Laser-induced Retinal Injury Thresholds
Authors:
David Lund, USAMRD-WRAIR; Brooks AFB TX USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Experimental studies with repetitively pulsed lasers show that the ED50, expressed as energy per pulse, varies as the inverse fourth power of the number of pulses in the exposure, relatively independently of the wavelength, pulse duration, or pulse repetition frequency of the laser. Models based on a thermal damage mechanism cannot readily explain this result. Menendez et. al. proposed a probability-summation model for predicting the threshold for a train of pulses based on the probit statistics for a single pulse and assuming that each pulse is an independe...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #202 (Laser-induced Retinal Injury Threshold Studies with Wavefront Correction)
Laser-induced Retinal Injury Threshold Studies with Wavefront Correction
Authors:
Brian Lund, Northrop Grumman; Brooks City-Base TX USA
David J. Lund, USAMRD-WRAIR; Brooks City-Base TX USA
Peter R. Edsall, Northrop Grumman; San Antonio TX USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Computer models of laser retinal exposure predict that the retinal injury threshold will decrease with decreasing retinal irradiance area until the beam diameter at the retina is less than 10 micrometers. However, a number of investigations over a range of wavelengths and exposure durations show that the incident energy required to produce a retinal injury in the eye of an anesthetized non-human primate (NH...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #201 (In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of Corneal Damage Induced by 1.57 µm Laser Radiation)
In Vivo and In Vitro Evaluation of Corneal Damage Induced by 1.57 µm Laser Radiation
Authors:
Daniel Courant, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique; France
Catherine CHAPEL, Commissariat Energie Atomique; Fontenay aux roses France
Christophe POTHIER, Delegation Generale Armement; Arcueil France
Jean-Claude PEROT, Delegation Generale Armement; Arcueil France
Presented at ILSC 2007
A variety of infrared laser sources between 1500-1700 nm is called as "eye-safe". However, in providing protection for the deeper layers of the eye, the cornea is susceptible to thermal damage. The purpose of this study was first, to determine the threshold damage exposure on rab...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1508 (Assessment of AEL for Scanning Lasers: Relaxed Eye)
Assessment of AEL for Scanning Lasers: Relaxed Eye
Authors:
Bryan Tozer, Lasermet LTD; Dorset Great Britain
Presented at ILSC 2007
The purpose of this paper is to propose a new, more acceptable way of assessing the thermal retinal hazard arising from exposure to a scanning laser beam when the exposed eye is relaxed and therefore sees an image moving across the retina. For the situation where the eye fixes upon the scanning mirror, the image is stationary on the retina and therefore can be treated in the normal way prescribed in IEC 60825-1 for stationary beams; it is not addressed in this paper. This paper uses the existing model as used in assessing AELs and MPEs in 60825-1, including t...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1507 (Method to Measure Apparent Source Location and Angular Subtense of Extended Sources with Additional Optics)
Method to Measure Apparent Source Location and Angular Subtense of Extended Sources with Additional Optics
Authors:
Clark Venzke, Banner Engineering Corp; Minneapolis MN USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
In using the international laser safety standard, IEC 60825-1, to classify a laser or light emitting diode (LED) source, the angular subtense (α) may need to be determined to calculate the accessible emission limits (AELs). The angular subtense is used to calculate the extended source correction factor (C6) and to determine the measurement geometry over much of the retinal hazard wavelength range. The easiest way to find a value for the angular subtense of the apparent source is to assume a conserva...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1506 (Using Broadband Detectors for Measuring the Output of Broadband Sources such as White Light LEDs)
Using Broadband Detectors for Measuring the Output of Broadband Sources such as White Light LEDs
Authors:
Woody Strzelecki, TUV Rheineland of North America; Newtown CT USA
Nikolay Stoev, Valkom Laser Consulting; Toronto ON Canada
Presented at ILSC 2007
Broadband sources can be measured in different ways. Monochromators are used for measurements within narrow spectral intervals (typically a few nm). Bandpass filters are used for measurements within larger spectral windows, usually tens of nm. Special detectors, calibrated against the appropriate action spectrum may be used to directly measure the effective radiation values, i.e. the source emission weighted using the hazard function...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1504 (Source Size Measurement and Calculation of Visual Angle)
Source Size Measurement and Calculation of Visual Angle
Authors:
Bret Rogers, Northrop Grumman; Brooks City-Base TX USA
Wallace Mitchell, Northrop Grumman; San Antonio TX USA
David Kee, Northrop Grumman; San Antonio TX USA
Nathaniel Resendez, AFRL/HEDO; Brooks City-Base TX USA
Peter Mastro, AFRL/HEDO; Brooks City-Base TX USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Military and law enforcement seek to assess different light technologies and devices for potential operational use. Because small source lasers are bound by the point-source maximum permissible exposure (MPE), they have limited visual effectiveness at range. By introducing a diffusing optical eleme...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1502 (Source Size Determination for Extended-source Lasers)
Source Size Determination for Extended-source Lasers
Authors:
E. Christopher Brumage, US Army CHPPM; APG MD USA
Wesley Marshall, US Army CHPPM; APG MD USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Although the potential for viewing hazardous diffuse reflections from high-power lasers is ever present in research laboratories and industrial settings using open-beam, high-power lasers, low-power, extended-source lasers are rare. Lasers formed from a laser diode and a collimating lens or a laser formed by re-collimating a diffuse source comprise most of the extended-source laser products, and the output power or energy per pulse is often barely over the Class 1 accessible emission limit (AEL). Accurate...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1501 (Laser Safety Measurements of a Multiple Laser System)
Laser Safety Measurements of a Multiple Laser System
Authors:
Mary Gorschboth, Naval Surface Warfare Center; Dahlgren VA USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
The Naval Sea Systems Command, as the Department of the Navy (DoN) Technical Lead Agent for laser safety, has established the Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWC) Dahlgren Division as the Lead Navy Technical Laboratory (LNTL) for laser safety. Part of this responsibility includes the laser hazard evaluation of systems used on DoN installations or by DoN personnel. Furthermore, measures are recommended to eliminate exposure of personnel to hazardous optical radiation from these devices. The LNTL was requested to evaluate a tactical capabilities suite...$28.00
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