ILSC 2007 Paper #1406 (Empirical BRDF Modeling of a Window to Improve Accuracy of Laser Reflection Hazard Analyses)
Empirical BRDF Modeling of a Window to Improve Accuracy of Laser Reflection Hazard Analyses
Authors:
George Megaloudis, Northrop Grumman Corporation; Andover MA USA
Kenneth Keppler, Northrop Grumman Corporation; San Antonio TX USA
Edward Early, Northrop Grumman Corporation; San Antonio TX USA
Paul Kennedy, AFRL/HEDO; Brooks City-Base TX USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Laser reflections from window surfaces have traditionally been treated as specular (i.e., the energy or power of the beam is reduced but the divergence of the beam remains unchanged). An empirical Bi-directional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) model was developed for a spare aircraft win...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1405 (Eye Safety Considerations of a Laser-Based Rail Flaw Detection System)
Eye Safety Considerations of a Laser-Based Rail Flaw Detection System
Authors:
Fabrizio Prior, Technogamma, SPA; 31050 Morgano (TV) Italy
Gregory Garcia, Transportation Technology Center, Inc.; Pueblo, CO USA
Richard Hughes, High-Rez Diagnostics, Inc.; Camino CA USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
The Transportation Technology Center, Inc. (TTCI), USA and Tecnogamma SPA, Italy, have developed a prototype laser-based ultrasonic inspection system, identified as the U-Rail system, for non-contact rail inspection. Through the photo-acoustic effect, the absorption of nanosecond laser pulses by the rail results in the generation of both bulk and surface acoustic waves propagating wi...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1404 (Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Optical Amplifiers and Potential Exposure to Radiant Energy)
Optical Fiber Communication Systems: Optical Amplifiers and Potential Exposure to Radiant Energy
Authors:
Anne Venetta Richard, Alcatel-Lucent; Westford MA USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
The evolution of optical fiber communication systems (OFCS) has seen a dramatic increase in the optical power within systems. Contemporary systems utilizing high-power optical amplifiers (OA) can operate at power levels well above one watt. While during intended use an OFCS is completely enclosed and radiant energy is inaccessible, however, during system development, deployment, maintenance and service, there is a potential risk for exposure. Typically, OA operate in the infrared "B" region of the electromagneti...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1403 (Contrasting the Broad-Band Exposure Limits with Laser MPEs)
Contrasting the Broad-Band Exposure Limits with Laser MPEs
Authors:
David Sliney, US Army CHPPM; Aberdeen Proving Ground MD USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Whenever a laser specialist or an engineer employs a spreadsheet and compare and plot laser MPEs with broad-band limits, they see apparent differences and disconnects that can be quite puzzling. This is a particular concern of those trying to assess the optical risks of viewing bright LEDs. The rationale behind the two sets of exposure limits necessarily differ. For a laser, only the hazards at a wavelength of interest are reflected in the MPE, and competing hazard mechanisms lead to, at most, two limits, or "dual limits." However, with broad...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1402 (Laser Hazards from Pulsed Lasers)
Laser Hazards from Pulsed Lasers
Authors:
Wesley Marshall, US Army CHPPM; APG MD USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
Determining the correct maximum permissible exposure (MPE) when a laser is pulsed becomes complex when the laser output beam consists not of regularly spaced pulses of short duration (tens of nanoseconds) and a moderate pulse repetition frequency (PRF), but instead consists of pulse groups that contain several short pulses of a few nanoseconds, or even shorter duration, inside of a macro-pulse that could last for tens of microseconds or even milliseconds. The structures of pulse trains are becoming ever more complicated in that groups of macro-pulses are sometimes repeated at a periodic ...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1401 (Nanoparticles - Potential Risk during Pulsed Laser Ablation)
Nanoparticles - Potential Risk during Pulsed Laser Ablation
Authors:
Anne Hahn, Laser Zentrum Hannover; Hannover Germany
Andreas Ostendorf, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.; Hannover Germany
Stephan Barcikowski, Laser Zentrum Hannover e.V.; Hannover Germany
Presented at ILSC 2007
Nanoparticles are generated as by-products during laser ablation. The size distribution of particlulate emission depends strongly on the applied laser pulse duration. The number frequency of nanoparticles may increase up to 99% with shorter pulse length. In order to provide safety-related statements on nanoparticles generated during laser materials processing, the particle size distribution during ...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1306 (A New Publication of the German Accident Insurance for the Safe Use of Lasers in Biomedical Applications)
A New Publication of the German Accident Insurance for the Safe Use of Lasers in Biomedical Applications
Authors:
Wolfgang Wöllmer, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf; Hamburg Germany
Martin Brose, Berufsgenossenschaft der Feinmechanik und Elektrotechnik; Köln Germany
Presented at ILSC 2007
Over the years many efforts and discussions have been spent on the development of the technical report IEC 60825-8, Guidelines for the safe use of medical laser equipment , the second edition being part of present committee work. This report is a collection of safety rules based on experiences with laser applications, in order to help to prevent unsafe conditions, which could ...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1305 (Off the Wall State Laser Regulation and Other Observations)
Off the Wall State Laser Regulation and Other Observations
Authors:
David Ermer, JHU/APL; Laurel MD USA
Presented at ILSC 2007$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1302 (Laser Protocols)
Laser Protocols
Authors:
Ken Barat, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Berkeley CA USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
The ANSI Z136.1 has several sections were the authority of the laser safety officer to alter or adapt the standard's control measures to their particular laser applications is outlined. Recognizing that ANSI Z136.1 is a horizontal standard and is a user guidance document; and as part of an on going philosophy of information to laser users the laser safety program at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory has developed a number of laser protocols, or codes of conduct. Each protocol outlines an evaluation of a section of the present ANSI Z136.2000 that are not completely compatible with a res...$28.00
ILSC 2007 Paper #1301 (The Manufacturer's Role in Laser Safety)
The Manufacturer's Role in Laser Safety
Authors:
Candace Soles, Coherent, Inc.; San Jose CA USA
Ken Barat, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab; Berkeley CA USA
Presented at ILSC 2007
The laser manufacturer, as the laser industry leader, has a dual role in promoting and assuring laser safety. The first role, and regulatory mandate, is to manufacturer a safe laser product -- one that is compliant with national and international product safety regulations; however, to promote laser safety the manufacturer may need to do more than produce a safe product. Presenting a positive laser safety message to their customers is their second role and equally as important as manufacturing a safe lase...$28.00
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